Improvement in sawzng-machise



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JOHN CASSON', 0]? PARISH OF SHEFFIELD. ENGLAND.

Letters Patent No. 87,908, dated March 16, 1869.

IIIPROVEMET' IN SEWING-MACHINE.

To qllrtc'whot it lmay concern:`

Be itknown that I, JoHNOAssoN, of No. 10 St. Jamess street, in the parish of Sheffield, in the county of York, England, mechanical draughtsman, a subject of' the Quen of Great Britain,have invented or discovered new and useful Improvements in Machinery for Sewing Wood and I, the said JOHN Casson, do herebydeclare the nature of the said invention, and in what manuel` the same is to be performed, to be particularly described andascertained in and by the following statement thereof; that is to sayl My invention relates more especially to that'class of' machinery for sawing wood, in which a circular saw is used; and My said invention consists in the following arrangement and construction of parts, whereby the Wood to be sawn is fed to the 'saw continuously, (that is to say, without the necessity for stopping or reversing the machinery,) and the top of the bench is rendered capable of vertical adjustment. The saw is carried by aspindle, turning in bearings aflixed tostandards, which are cast upon the bed-plate of 'the machine, the upper portionef the saw passing through a slot in the top of the bench, as usual.l

The said top `can be raised or lowered, as required, (according to the nature of the work to be done,)`by

means of' a screw formed on a rib afiixed to the under side of the said top, which screw passes through a female screw, formed in a worm-wheel, the under` edge of .which bears against the upper edge. of a socket on the bed-plate, through which the said screw passes.

-The said wheel is turned', by means of a worm, on a shaft, furnished with a hand-wheel. Cylindrical legs,;or plungers are'aflixed to the under side of the top of the bench, which plungers slide in p tubular guides, bolted to the bed-plate, andthereby steady the said top at any height to which it is brought.

The wood is fed, to the saw by means of a single continuously-revolving grooved roller, of a slightly conical form, (inverted) between which roller and the fence the said wood is carried forward to the saw.

The said roller turns on an axis, carried by a hon'- zontal arm, formed in two parts, one of which slides telescopically within the other, so that the said arm can vbe extended when a small saw is used, and contracted when va large saw-is used, the adjustment of the said arm being effected by means of a nut-and-screw arrangement, which admits of the axial mot-ion, in its socket, of that part ofthe arm which carries the feedroller, so as to set the said roller in an oblique position.

The said' socket is frmed on a vertical tubular shaft, wllich'turns in a bearing aixed to or cast on the side of the Saw-bench, and passes. through another tubular shaft, furnished withian arm, to the free end of which a weighted cord or chain is attached, the inner tubularshaftgbeing capable of a risiilAg-and-falling motion within the outer tubular shaft, by which arrangement the arm carrying the feed-roller can be raised to any height to suit the height ofthe top of the bench, being fixed at such height by means of a set-screw passing through the outer tubular shaft, and is caused to press the feed-roller forcibly against the wood, which is both guided and carried forward by the said roller.

The weighted arm referred tocarries a toothed quadrant, which receives motion from a worm on a shaft, which is turned, as required, by means of a hand-wheel, the said worm being so arranged as to be capable of bingthrown into and ont of gear with the said quad rant, by means of' ay rocking -standard and weighted lever.

In order to introduce the wood between the fence andV the feed-roller, the worm and quadrant above referred to are thrown into gear, and the hand-wheel is turned until the feed-roller is brought (by the arm and shaft heneinbefore referred to) to the requisite distance from the fence.

The wood is then introduced, and the quadrant and wormheng `thrcwnout of gear, the weight comes into action, and the feed-roller is pressed against the wood.

The said roller is driven by a strap or chain passing over pulleys, one of which is fixed on the axis of the said roller, the other' being keyed to the upper end of a shaft, which I will call the central shaft, which passes through the inner tubular shaft hereinbefore referred to, and also through'a worm-wheel, to which the said central shaft is connected, by means of a groove-audfeather arrangement.

.The said wheel is driven by a worm on a shaft, which receives motion, by means of band-pulleys, from the v saw-spindle. v

The feed-roller, and parts carrying the same, can be removed, when cross-cutting, or other work requiring a clear bench, has to be done.

The improved feed-apparatus, hereinbef'ore described, is capable of separate application to the benches of' ordinary sawing-xuachinery.

When soapplied, the said apparatus is mounted on a separate bed-plate, which can be fixed underneath the sawfbench to which lthe said apparatus is applied. Having now described the nature of m invention, I will proceed to describe the manner in w ich the same is to be performed, reference being had to the drawing hereto annexed, and to the letters and figures marked thereon. 1

Figure 1-represents,in plan, machinery constructed according to my invention.

Figures 2 and 3 arel side and end elevations, respectively, of the said machinery, showing the means of raising the top of. the saw-bench.

Figure 4 is an end elevation, partly in section, of a portionof the said machinery.

Figure 5 is a vertical Vsection, taken on the lines 7 and 8, iig. 1, of the feed-roller, and arms and shafts in connection therewith.`

details, hereinafter referred to.

6 is a horizontal section, taken on the line 1,

I idg. 7, of the telescopic arm, which carri@ the said-feed Kollenand f f Figure 7 vis a transverse section of the Vsaid arrn, tstlren on the line 2, iig. "6.

Figure 8 is a horizontal sectiomteken on the iine 3,-

tlg. 5, and

Figure 9 represents, in plan, a portion of the feedroiler, having grooves, or teeth of the form which 'I ilnd to answer best, when friction-rollers are not used in the fence. i i y Figures 10 to 20, both inclusive, represent sundry The same'ietters of reference indicate the same'psrts `in ell the gnres.

' A n nie ees-pinguins mattine.' v'

B is the saw, which is mounted on a shaft, turn .i Y ing in hearings, axed te standards o a", canton the bed-plate A.

h b are band-pulleys, by one or other of which the said spindle is driven.

0 is the top of the saw-bench, having arib, c, on its under eide, which said rib carries a screw, c, which passes through and engages with a female screw, formed in a .worm-wheel, c", the under edge of which bears against the edge ot' a socket, a?.

D is a shaft, having at one end a'worm, d, which vengages with a worm-wheel, 0', and at the-other end a v hnndfwheel, d,- by means of which the said shaft cany be turnedus required. es aa are cylindricai guides, in which slide'flegs or plupgers c, one oi' which is shown in iig. 4.

' E ie the grooved conical roller, between whichniid the fence the wood is carried forward to the saw.

hen friction-rollers are not used in the fence, I prefer to make, 'on the saidrcllen'gmeves, or teeth, of the form represented in fig. 9, but when friction rollers are used in the fence,'thc grooves on the said roller may be of the ordinary form.

I prefer to form the sides oi the said roller with a slight curve downward, and also to form an 4annular groove in the said roller, as represented, Ain order to.

give it a better hold `on the wood, but the sides ot' the said 'roller may be made straight, and thevsaid groove may be dispensed with.

'rte wie roller zum@ on an axis, f', cam-ies ny une 'armsF"F. l'

j The parer sf the seid am; sides in ene' para; ne,

which latter is formed on-a tubularshait, F, which turns in a bearing, e7, in a bracket, c, ixed to or cast on the top of the saw-bench.

c is a friction-roller, turning in bearings in the said bracket.

The part Ficarries a screw, f, which engages with a screw-box, f, carried by the part i, and has' a square headf., by means of which it can 4be turned as required. Y

The screw-box j" is so fitted to the part'Fas to allowci a littleplay, (see iig. 7,) so that the feed-roller can be set in an oblique position.-

f is a set-screw, by means of whichthe part E' can he fixed in any position to which it may have beeu brought by the screw-unangement above described. Figs. 1 2, 13, and 14, represent in plan, side elevation,

and end elevation, (partly in'section,) respectively, an

alternative arrangement for edi-acting the axial adjustment of the arm h".

In this arrangement, 1X is a plate, having wormteethV in its upper part-. This plate is connected to the arm It by'means of a groove-endfeather arrangement, which allows of the' sliding motion of the said arm. The plate 1X is stemied by'means lci" a set-screw stud, 2X, which passes` through? a slot, 3X, in the said 1 -X is a' worm, aixed tomi axis, x, which turns in a bracket, 6X, on the arm F2.

This worm engages-with the teeth on the plate 1X so that, by turning the said worm, the said plate, an

vthe arm F* and feed-rollerE, can be brought to the' angle required.

G is a shaft, on which is keyed a sprocket-wheel, g', v

the motion of which is transmitted to t-h'e rollerE by a pitch-chain, g, passing over a'sprocket-wheel,c, formed on the saidroller.

The shaft G turns in thel shaft F, and is driven I* a'worm-wheel, H, furnished with a rib, or a pin', whi

vengages in aslolt, g, in the saidshaft, so that it can bo sliddendso snyrequid height within the .nid wheel,- .andwillstill beinrgeartherewith... Q

" The wormfwheeiyis driv'en by a worm', I, carried by a sheit,'i''whioh is-thrownfinto and out of ear with a shaft, K, by `-means of afriction-clutch, L which said clutch, with the parts in connection therewith, is

.represented inl vertical longitudinal section, (partly in elevatioin) in iig.'10.

Fig. 11 is a transverse section of the shaft i', showing the manner of its'connection to the clutch-box L.

- The section, iig. i0, is taken on the line 4, fig. 1.

'having a slot, n', through which passes a pin, a, (fixed The part Ll of the said clutch is connected to the shaft t" by 4means of a groove-und-feather arrangement, which admits ofthe said part being slidden on the said shaft, and the port Lis n iixed to the shaft K.

'.lhe part L is worked by means of a fork, M, carried byn. shaft, m', (shown dotted in iig. 2,) furnished with a weighted lever, m, the position of which is indicated f .by the line 6, g.'.10.

The shait K is driven from a band-pulley, b, by means i of hand-pulleys, le k k.

` N is a tubular shaft, within which the shaft F' can.

be sliddento any required height, being xed at such 4height by means of set-screw nl.

The shaft N carries au drm, n', to the free end .of

which a chain, n", is'attached.

A. weight, n, is hung tthe said chain, which I over pulleys n n".

The weighted arm n carries a toothed quadrant, "n

in a pillar, a,) by which the said quadrant is steadied..

, Motion is communicated to the quadrant n', (when required,) by means of'a worm, O, m unted on a. s

o, which is furnished/with a hand-w eel, o,and turns in bearings in a rocking standard, o.

Thisportion ci' the machinery is shown separately,

in transverse section in fig. 15, andv in vertical longitudinal section, (taken on the line 6, iig. 1,) in iig. 16. The rocking standard ois connected, by means of a link, o, to the weighted lever `m, hercinbefore referred to.

j" is a lever, by means of which the'feed-rollerE can .be quickly brought out of contact with the wood, when it is wished to do so without throwing the Worm O out of gear.

A The lever j" is'jointe dowiroutof'fthe way,w en not in use.

3. P is the fence, which is mounted on a saddle, P, being .held thereto by lock nuts, 'p p, which pass through j .slots,"p5p, in the said fence, and engage in cross-slots' in the said saddle.

- By thisnrrangement, the said fer e"ca'.n"be adiusted. .according to the size of the saw used, and 'can 'also be slidden oii the saddle Phat right angles tin-: refrom, when c. clear bench is required.

The said fence is moved nearer to or further from the saw, (accord sawn,) by :mear

o the thickness of the woodl to be a screw, q, formed on e shaft, Q,

i which said screw engages with'a worm-wheel, p, car- .ed by an axis, p, turning in 'bearings in a sleeve,-p, formed on the fence P. 1

'1 lEhe part of the shaft Q which is not screwed, forms to the arm FI, so as to hang'l an axis, on which is mounted a vfriction-roller,g1,which suplorts the wood as it is lfed to the saw. e shaft Q, and the parts in connection therewith,

are represented in longitudinal vertical section in fig. 17.

`'.llhe endscf the sha'. Q and axis p are squared,'to receive a winch.

When it is required to adjust the position of the I fence with accuracy, the shaft Q is-turned,-and thescrew q' gears withthe locked worm-wheel 11.

When, however, it is required to move the fence a i considerable distance toward or from the saw, the axis p is turned, and the wheel p' gears into the screw q, as into a rack.

The action of the machinery is as follows: The fence P, having been adjusted to the required positiou, the hand-wheel o is turned until the feed- 1 roller E has been brought back suiiiciently far to ad'- mit of the introduction of the wood between the said roller and`the fence. t

- The wood, having been introduced, the lever m* is reversed, so as to throw the sbatcs i' and K into gear, and the worm o and quadrant n out of gear.

The feed-roller is thus .caused to revolve, and tov press agaiustthe wood, and feed it to the saw. The said feed-roller, having a slightly coniealform, (the smaller end ofthe said roller being downward) presses the wood down upon the top-of the saw-bench, and

prevents the said wood from rising, or climbing, from the said bench-top, and thereby insures a steady, continuous feed to the saw, notwithstanding any slight inequalities whichthere may be iu the thickness or form of the wood. l When a. deal, or hattengv-is-being sawn" into boards A' or scautliugs, the remainder of the deal, or hatten, is

back over the friction-rollenc, after each out, and is reintroduced between the feed-roller aud the fence.

If'the woud when isfbeing saws, is wo bulky man: mit of its being passed back underneath the arm Fl F',

the said arm is held back out of the way by means of the lever f, l

When the parte constituting the feedfmotio'n are be applied to any existing sawing-machine, -theyare mounted ou a casting, represented in 1.8, 19,

- and 20.

W is the bearing in which the rocking standard f turns' X X are the bearings in' which the sha m turns; and 4 I i a5 is the pillar iu which the guide-pin a is-screwed'. The feedappalatus, hereinbefore described, may be applied to ribbon, or band-saws, and to deal-frames.

f These applications of the said apparatus will be unders'tcod from the description hereinbefoie given ofthe application of the said apparatus toI a circular saw.

Having now described the nature of my invention,

1 wish 'it to be understood that I do not limit myself' to the precise 'details hereinbefore described, `and. illus and themanner iu which the same is to be perform trated in the accompanying drawing, as the same may be varied, without departing the natureof iny in-4 vention; but I claim, as my invention-f` "1. The revolving conical feed-roller, for feeding and guiding wood to enculer and other saw mounted andj adjusted in the maunerhereiu described, tween which roller and the fence the wood is guidedtothelfsaws and for the purposes -s'h'owii and setforth'.-

2. The toothed quadx'aasnt,l and geangconnect'edu therewith, in' combination with the feed-roller,`und'er the arrangement substantial]'y as described, whereby said roller may be brought to andiixedat any gistauce from the fence, as hereiubefore 'shown audset orth.

v.rot-ur nassen.; 

